AMPICILLIN

Indications & Dose:

Infections of the respiratory tract and soft tissues caused by susceptible organisms; bacterial meningitis caused by susceptible organisms; septicemia; gonococcal infections; prevention of bacterial endocarditis; prophylaxis in cesarean section*

DOSE

Adult

• Systemic infections: PO 250-500 mg q6h; IV/IM 500 mg-3g q4-6h

• Meningitis: IV 8-14 g/day in divided doses q3-4h

• Gonorrhea: PO 3.5 g given with 1 g probenecid as a single dose

• Renal impairment: CrCl 10-30 ml/min: administer q6-12h; CrCl c 10 ml/min: administer q 12h

Children

• Systemic infections: PO 50-100mg/kg/day in divided doses q6h; IV/IM 100-200 mg/kg/day in divided doses q4-6h; max 2-3 g/day

• Meningitis: IV 200-400 mg/kg/ day in divided doses q4-6h; max 12 /day

New born: (Less than 7 days) IV/IM: 50-75 mg/ kg/day every 12 hrs. Above 7 days: 75-100mg/ kg/day every 12 hrs

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Cautions:

Precautions:

Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, renal insufficiency, prolonged or repeated therapy, mononucleosis, neonates 

Interaction:

Drugs

Atenolol: Reduced serum concentration of atenolol

Chloramphenicol: Inhibited antibacterial activity of ampicillin; administer ampicillin 3 hr before chloramphenicol

Macrolide antibiotics: Inhabit antibacterial activity of ampicillin administer amoxicillin 3 hr before macrolides

Methotrexate: Increased serum methotrexate concentrations

Oral contraceptives: Occasion impairment of oral contraceptive efficacy; consider use of supplemental contraception during cycles i which ampicillin is used

Tetracyclines: Inhibited antibacterial activity of ampicillin; admiister ampicillin 3 hr before tetracycline

Warnings:

Adverse Effects:

Lactations:

Pregnancy ; excreted into breast milk in low concentrations; no adverse effects have been observed 

Special Precautions:

Counselling:

Side Effects Or Adverse Reactions:

CNS: Anxiety, coma, depression, hallucinations, lethargy, seizures twitching

G1: Black “hairy” tongue, diarrhea, glossitis, nausea, pseudomembranous colitis, stomatitis, vomiting, increased AST/ALT

CU: Glomerulonephritis, hematuria, moniliasis, oliguria, proteinuria, vaginitis

HEME: Bone marrow depression, increased bleeding time, eosinophilia

MISC.: Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, urticaria, erythema multiform, exfoliative dermatitis anaphylaxis) 

Patient And Carer Advice: