| ID | 113 |
|---|---|
| Name | MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS |
| Cause | |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | |
| Investigations | Investigations: 1. Polymorph leucocytosis. 2. CSF is turbid, the protien content is raised, the glucose reduced, cell count increased. 3. Lumbar puncture may show elevated pressure. 4. The diagnosis is confirmed bacteriologically by culture of Neisseria meningitidis from blood or CSF. |
| Management | |
| Introduction | Infections caused by the Gram-negative diploco-ccus, Neisseria meningitidis. Bacterial meningitis is usually secondary to a bacteraemic illness although infection may result from direct spread from an adjacent focus of infection in the ear, skull fracture or sinus. |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features: Typically there is a history of upper respiratory tract infection. Upper respiratory symptom is followed by fever, vomiting, headache, confusion & lethargy. There may be delirium, coma, Twitchings and convulsions. A petechial rash may develop in any part of the skin, mucous membrane and conjunctiva. Neck rigidity, kemig’s sign (difficulty in extending the knee with thigh flexed), Brudziniski’s sign attempt to flex the neck causes flexion of hips and knees may be positive |
| Preventions | |
| Treatment | Treatment: A. General - 1. Bed rest. 2. Ice cap and cold sponging. 3. Paracetamol 2-3 times daily or as required after food. 4. Liquid diet and plenty of fluid by mounth. B. Antibiotics : Treatment of bacterial meningitis (cause unknown): 1,2 Neonate - Gentamicin + Ampicillin or; 3rd generation cephalosporin (e.g. Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone) Pre-school child - Chloramphenicol or Cefotaxime Older child and adult - Cefotaxime or Chloramphenicol. Dosage regimen: See in the therapeutic section (under individual drugs). |
| Complications | |
| Prognosis | |
| Types | |
| Classification | |
| Observation | |
| Pathology |
© Pakistan Drug Directory. All Rights Reserved.
Designed By: Pakistan Drug Directory Team