| ID | 122 |
|---|---|
| Name | MENTAL OR PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS |
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| Introduction | A. Major mental disorders (Psychosis): These are commonly termed as psychoses. Psychosis is a severe abnormal state of mind, where there is usually disturbance of thinking, emotions and behavior. It is a common belief in our country, that psychoses are not curable and probably they are not medical illness. It is also believed that they are usually being treated by faith healers, traditional fakirs, kabiraj or magicians. Physical tortures are common, such as- chaining of hands and feet, dipping into the ponds and rivers, locking up in a dark room etc. However, every one should know, these are medical illnesses and curable by medical treatment. Major mental disorders are classified into two groups- 1. Organic psychoses: These may be secondry medical problems like, senile, arteriosclerotic, alcoholic, toxic, infective & traumatic causes etc. Types: i. Acute (e.g Delirium) & ii. Chronic (e.g Dementia) In organic psychoses there are demonstrable abnormalities in the brain, biochemical systems or other organic systems. These may be reversible or irreversible. 2. Functional psychoses: These are the disorders, where usually no demonstrable organic abnormalities in the brain or in the other organ systems of the body Mood disorders B. Minor mental disorders (Neuroses): These are commonly termed as neuroses. In these, there are usually disturbances of emotions such as anxiety and depression. Neuroses are considered as disorders when the exaggeration of neurotic symptoms impair individual’s personal, familial & social life. Common types of neuroses: 1. Anxiety disorders- i. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). ii. Phobic disorder. iii. Panic disorder. iv. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). v. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 2. Somatoform disorders- i. Somatization disorder, ii. Somatoform pain disorder, iii. Conversion and dissociative disorder (hysteria), iv. Hypochondriasis. 3. Sexual disorders- i. Premature ejaculation. ii. Erectile dysfunction. iii. Low libido. iv. Orgasmic failure. v. Vaginismus. vi. Sexual deviations. 4. Eating disorders- i. Anorexia nervosa. ii. Bulimia nervosa. 5. Impulse control disorder. 6. Personality disorder. 1. Stress-related disorders: i. Acute stress disorder, ii. Adjustment disorder, iii. Post-traumatic stress disorder. 2. Anxiety disorders: i. Generalised anxiety, ii. Phobic anxiety, iii. Panic disorder, iv. Ovsessive-compulsive disorder. 3. Mood (affective) disorders: i. Depressive disorder, ii. Mania & bipolar disorder. 4. Schizophrenia & delusional disorders. 5. Substance misuse disorders: i. Alcohol, ii. Drugs. 6. Organic disorders: i. Acute, e.g delirium, ii. Chronic, e.g dementia. 7. Disorders of adult personality and hehaviour: i. Personality disorder, ii. Factitious disorder. 8. Eating disorders: i. Anorexia nervosa. ii. Bulimia nervosa. 9. Somatoform disorders: i. Somatisation disorder, ii. Dissociative (conversion) disorder, iii. Pain disorder, iv. Hypochondriasis. v. Body dysmorphic disorder, vi. Somatoform autonomic dysfunction. 10. Neurasthenia. 11. Puerperal mental disorders. |
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| Types | Types: i. Schizophrenia. ii. Mania & iii. Major depression. |
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