| ID | 169 |
|---|---|
| Name | HYPERKALEMIA (Potassium Excess) |
| Cause | Causes: 1. Failure of the kidney to excrete ingested potassium (acute and chronic renal failure, severe oliguria, due to severe dehydration or trauma). 2. Unusual release of intracellular potassium in burns, crushing injuries, severe infections or rhabdomyolysis. 3. Adrenal insufficiency, insulin deficiency. 4. Over treatment with potassium salts. |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | |
| Investigations | |
| Management | |
| Introduction | Hyperkalemia is a condition where serum K+ level is more than 5mmol. |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features: 1. Features of hypokalemia- abdominal distension, tingling of the face, hands and feet. 2. Metallic taste in the mouth may be present. 3. Stiffness and paresthesia in the hands and feet may develop. 4. Pulse bcomes irregular and slow due to heart block. 5. Sudden cardiac arrest may develop. 6. Muscular weakness, flaccid paralysis & respiratory embarrassment occur. 7. ECG shows low P wave, wide and biphasic QRST complexes and tall T waves; ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest may develop |
| Preventions | |
| Treatment | Treatment: 1. All potassium containing drugs and diet should be immediately stopped. 2. I.V Glucose 25% 300-500 c.c. with soluble insulin 5-10 units are infused over 6-12 hours. 3. Calcium chloride or gluconate 10% 10 c.c.iv. slowly may be given. 4. Cation exchange resins e.g. Resonium A 15 gm 4 times a day orally may be given. 5. If all these methods fail peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis may be started. 6. Associated salt and water depletion and the underlying causes should also be treated. Correct respiratory acidosis. |
| Complications | |
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