| ID | 172 |
|---|---|
| Name | HYPOCALCEMIA (Calcium Depletion) |
| Cause | Causes: 1. Hypoparathyroidism. 2. Chronic renal failure. 3. Defect in vit-D metabolism. 4. Coeliac disease. 5. Idiopathic steatorrhoea. |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | |
| Investigations | |
| Management | |
| Introduction | When serum Ca++ level is less than 2.12 mmol/1, is known as hypocalcemia. |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features: Hypocalcemia affects neuromuscular function to produce muscle cramps and tetany, convulsions, stridor and dyspnoea, diplopia, abdominal cramps and urinary frequency. Personality changes may occur. In chronic hypoparathyroidism, cataracts may appear. Mental retardation and stunted growth are common in childhood |
| Preventions | |
| Treatment | Treatment: 1. Treatment depends on the primary disee. 2. Hypoparathyroidism should be treated with vit. D and calcium. 3. For tetany, calcium gluconate l-2g (10-20ml of 10%) may be given i.v. A continuous infusion to sustain plasma calcium cone, may be required. 4. Oral medication with the chloride, gluconate, levulinate, lactate or carbonate salts of calcium will usually control milder symptoms or latent tetany. |
| Complications | |
| Prognosis | |
| Types | |
| Classification | |
| Observation | |
| Pathology |
© Pakistan Drug Directory. All Rights Reserved.
Designed By: Pakistan Drug Directory Team