| ID | 177 |
|---|---|
| Name | ACUTE GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME |
| Cause | |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis: 1. History of respiratory tract infection (RTI), viral fever, gastroenteritis, enteric fever. 2. Clinical features (stated above). 3. Investigations- CSF shows a very high protein (300-1000mg%) with no or very few lymphocytes (50/cmm). 4. Nerve Conduction Velocity 5. EMG 6. Lung Function Test in respiratory failure N.B : Poliomyelitis, acute porphyria and arsenic |
| Investigations | |
| Management | Management: 1. No specific therapy. 2. Careful nursing with physiotherapy- to prevent sore, chest infection and contractures. 3. Careful fluid balance and nutrition- may be necessary if dysphasia occurs. 4. Vital capacity must be monitored. Clinical test of intercostal muscle function (shoulder adduction) is to be done. If paralysis ascends, artificial ventilation is necessary. 5. Change of posture, passive movement of the limbs. 6. Catheterisation (if needed) should be done. 7. Plasmapheresis sometimes helpful. 8. IVIG. |
| Introduction | This is an acute post infective polyneuropathy, develops usually 1-4 weeks after viral and bacterial infections (usually of the upper RTI and rarely following GIT) or immunisation. Pathologically there is demyelination of the spinal roots or peripheral nerves, mediated immunologically |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features: 1. Muscle weakness or paresthesia- followed by numbness begins in the toes and is rapidly followed by flaccid paralysis of the lower limbs which may ascend to involve the arms and sometimes facial muscles, muscles of the palate, pharynx (causing dysphagia) and the external occular muscles. Bilateral facial weakness develops in 50% of patients. 2. The paralysis is of lower motor neurone type with flaccidity and widespread loss of reflexes. It is usually acending type in character. 3. The major complications are respiratory failure, autonomic involvement, pulmonary embolism and cardiac dysrhythmias. |
| Preventions | |
| Treatment | |
| Complications | |
| Prognosis | Prognosis: Overall 80% of patients recover completely within 3-6 months. 10% die and 10% are left with residual neurological disability. |
| Types | |
| Classification | |
| Observation | |
| Pathology |
© Pakistan Drug Directory. All Rights Reserved.
Designed By: Pakistan Drug Directory Team