| ID | 183 |
|---|---|
| Name | MEASLES |
| Cause | |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | |
| Investigations | Investigations: 1. Blood examination shows leucopenia. Leucocytosis suggests bacterial superinfection. 2. Serological confirmation may be made by complement fixation and hemaglutination inhibition test. 3. Viral CS/PCR. |
| Management | |
| Introduction | This is a viral disease which spreads by droplet infection. Most people suffer from measles in childhood. The causative virus is Paramyxovirus. Incubation period is about 10 days. |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features:2 Catarrhal stage- Day 1-2: onset like common cold with fever, running nose, red, watery eyes. Day 2+: cough, photophobia, appearanc of Koplik’s spots. In children there may be convulsion during the apperance of rashes. Exanthematous stage- Day 3-4: Koplik’s spots disappear & red macular or maculo-papular rashes develop. Day 6-7: fever settles and rashes begin to fade into brown staining spots and finally disappear by a fine desquamation of skin epithelium after several days. |
| Preventions | Preventive: Active immunisation by one injection of live attenuated measles virus (vaccine) 0.5ml is to be given s/c within 12 months to 2 years (in Bangladesh). |
| Treatment | Treatment: Curative: 1. Patient should be isolated for about 10 days after the onset of rash. 2. Continue bed rest till patient is afebrile. 3. Treatment is mainly symptomatic- i. For temperature- syp. paracetamol (dose- see in the Pharmacology), ii. For itching- promethazine 10-25mg 2-3 times daily depending on the age. 4. Antibiotics for secondary bacterial infection e.g. Penicillin group or cephalosporin in the usual dosage. |
| Complications | Complications:2 Effects of measles virus- 0 Stomatitis 0 Gastroenteritis 0 Pneumonia 0 Keratitis Secondary bacterial infection- 0 Otitis media 0 Bronchopneumonia 0 Conjunctivitis Neurological complications- 0 Post-viral encephalitis 0 Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis Nutritional- 0 Severe weight loss 0 Corneal ulceration (tropics-Vit. A deficiency) |
| Prognosis | |
| Types | |
| Classification | |
| Observation | |
| Pathology |
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