| ID | 29 |
|---|---|
| Name | Fungal Stomatitis/Candidiasis (Thrush or Moniliasis) |
| Cause | The most common type of candida fungus is Candida albicans. Several factors, such as a weakened immune system, can increase your risk of oral thrush. |
| Signs Symptoms | Children and adults Creamy white lesions on tongue, inner cheeks, and sometimes on the roof of mouth, gums and tonsils Slightly raised lesions with a cottage cheese-like appearance Redness, burning or soreness that may be severe enough to cause difficulty eating or swallowing Slight bleeding if the lesions are rubbed or scraped Cracking and redness at the corners of your mouth A cottony feeling in your mouth Loss of taste Redness, irritation and pain under dentures (denture stomatitis) In severe cases, usually related to cancer or a weakened immune system from HIV/AIDS, the lesions may spread downward into your esophagus — the long, muscular tube stretching from the back of your mouth to your stomach (Candida esophagitis). If this occurs, you may experience difficulty swallowing and pain or feel as if food is getting stuck in your throat. Infants and breast-feeding mothers In addition to the distinctive white mouth lesions, infants may have trouble feeding or be fussy and irritable. They can pass the infection to their mothers during breast-feeding. The infection may then pass back and forth between the mother's breasts and the baby's mouth. Women whose breasts are infected with candida may experience these signs and symptoms: Unusually red, sensitive, cracked or itchy nipples Shiny or flaky skin on the darker, circular area around the nipple (areola) Unusual pain during nursing or painful nipples between feedings Stabbing pains deep within the breast |
| Diagnosis | |
| Investigations | |
| Management | Candidiasis in the mouth, throat, or esophagus is usually treated with antifungal medicine. The treatment for mild to moderate infections in the mouth or throat is usually an antifungal medicine applied to the inside of the mouth for 7 to 14 days. These medications include clotrimazole, miconazole, or nystatin. |
| Introduction | It is caused by Candida albicans and seen in extremely debilitated condition or after prolonged use of steroids or antibiotics. Oral candidiasis usually painful and looks like creamy-white curd like patches overlying erythematous mucosa. These white areas are easily rubbed off. A wet preparation of smear with potassium hydroxide will confirm candidiasis (spore). Angular cheilitis is also a manifestation of candidiasis. |
| History | |
| Etiology | An overgrowth of C. albicans |
| Clinical Features | |
| Preventions | ADVISE Rinse your mouth. If patient need to use a corticosteroid inhaler, be sure to rinse your mouth with water or brush your teeth after taking your medication. Brush teeth at least twice a day and floss daily or as often as your dentist recommends. Check dentures. Remove dentures at night. Make sure dentures fit properly and don't cause irritation. Clean your dentures daily. advise Regularly visit, especially if patient have diabetes or wear dentures. Watch what he eat. Try limiting the amount of sugar-containing foods patient eat. These may encourage the growth of candida. Maintain good blood sugar control if patient is diabetes. Well-controlled blood sugar can reduce the amount of sugar in your saliva, discouraging the growth of candida. Treat a vaginal yeast infection as soon as possible. Treat dry mouth. |
| Treatment | Treatment: 1. To paint over by 1% Gentian violet, three times a day for 4-5 days. &/Or, 2. Nystatin ointment locality or suspension orally 4 times daily for 4-5 days. Or, 3. Fluconazole 100mg daily for 7-14 days or ketoconazole 200-400mg with breakfast for 7-14 days. 4. Improvement of general nutrition. 5. Maintenance of oral hygiene. |
| Complications | . Oral thrush is seldom a problem for healthy children and adults. For people with lowered immunity, such as from cancer treatment or HIV/AIDS, thrush can be more serious. Untreated oral thrush can lead to more-serious systemic candida infections. If you have a weak |
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