| ID | 220 |
|---|---|
| Name | OPIUM ALKALOIDS POISONING |
| Cause | |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | |
| Investigations | |
| Management | |
| Introduction | Commonly used opioid drugs and compounds are- heroin, morphine, codeine, pethidine, dextropropoxyphene, tramadol etc. Accidental overdose of any of the opioid drugs may cause several systemic and organic reactions. |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features: Pinpoints pupils, pallor, nausea & vomiting, depressed respiration and 1 coma are characteristic. These affects are potentiated by alcohol & the combination may cause sudden respiratory and cardiac arrest even in previously healthy person. |
| Preventions | |
| Treatment | Treatment: 1. General measures including airway clearing, respiratory support and oxygen therapy if necessary. 2. If ingested, gastric lavage with very dilute potassium permanganate (1 in 10,000). 3. Prompt administration of an opioid antagonist, such as- naloxone 0.4mg i.v stat and O.Smg repeated i.v 3 minutes later, if required. The patient should be kept under close observation and high dose of ‘naloxone may be repeated if required. 4. An i.v infusion may be helpful in most cases specially when the half-life of the opioid is prolonged. 5. The patient should be monitored for at least 4 hours after the last naloxone dose. |
| Complications | |
| Prognosis | |
| Types | |
| Classification | |
| Observation | |
| Pathology |
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