| ID | 245 |
|---|---|
| Name | FRACTURE |
| Cause | |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | |
| Investigations | |
| Management | |
| Introduction | A fracture is a break in the continuity of bone |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features: 1. Patient complains of pain in the region of a bone after an injury. 2. Examination may reveal swelling with deformity of the limb & tenderness. 3. Crepitus between the broken ends of a bone is pathognomonic of a fracture. * X-ray examination enables a fracture to be diagnosed accurately. X-ray in at least two planes, usually at right angles, are essential. Principles of fracture treatment: 1. Reduction: To abolish deformity. 2. Immobilisation: While the fracture unites in good position- i. Internal (ORIF by plate & screws nailing) ii. External (plaster or external fixation) 3. Rehabilitation: To ensure early return of full function of the limb by mechanical aid. |
| Preventions | |
| Treatment | |
| Complications | |
| Prognosis | |
| Types | Types of fracture: 1. Simple or closed: The skin is not broken. 2. Compound: The skin is broken, there is direct communication between the fracture and skin surface. 3. Comminuted: When the bone has been broken into more than two fragments. 4. Green-stick fracture: Incomplete fracture occuring in the bones of growing children, 5. Stress or Fatigue fracture: This occurs in bones subjected to abnormal stress. 6. Pathological fracture: This is a fracture through abnormal bone e.g in osteomyelitis, osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma etc. |
| Classification | |
| Observation | |
| Pathology |
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