| ID | 262 |
|---|---|
| Name | IRITIS & IRIDOCYCLITIS |
| Cause | Causes: 1. Local causes- e.g. trauma, corneal ulcer, scleritis, herpetic infection, sympathetic ophthalmia, orbital cellulitis etc. 2. Exogenous infection e.g penetrating injury. 3. Allergy. 4. Specific causes e.g tuberculosis, syphilis, gonorrhoea, viral infection etc. 5. Systemic causes- still’s disease, rheumatism and gout, diabetes mallitus, sarcoidosis etc. |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | |
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| Management | |
| Introduction | The term iritis and cyclitis are being used depending on which structure is clinically more affected. The term iridocyclitis means inflammation of iris and ciliary body. |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical feature: Symptoms: 1. Pain in the eye along the branches of 5th nerve- worse at night. 2. Blurring of vision. 3. Lacrimation. 4. Photophobia. Signs: 5. Ciliary congestion & tenderness. 6. Chemosis of the lids and conjunctiva may be present in severe cases 7. Muddy colour of the iris. 9. Keratic precipitates may be present (flake & cells). 10. Pupil- small, & after giving mydriatics it becomes irregular. |
| Preventions | |
| Treatment | Treatment: 1 Rest to the eye- by instilling atropine sulphate 1% drop twice daily. If atropine fails to dilate the pupil then phenylephrine 10% eye drop can be given; if it fails then give subconjunctival injection of mydricaine (a combination of adrenaline, atropine & procaine). 2. Control of inflammation by- a Hydrocortisone acetate 1% drop to be instilled every hourly in day-time & steroid ointment to be applied at night, b. Dexamethasone, betamethasone or prednisolone may be used as 0.5% drops instilled every 1-2 hours, c. Dark glasses for photophobia. 3. General treatment- a. Analgesic for pain but not morphine. b. Specific treatment for specific causes e.g control of diabetes. 4. If above treatment does not control! uveitis then- a. systemic steroid can be given; or, b. subconjunctival injection of steroid can be given; or, c. if steroid fails, then immunosuppressive drug e.g azathioprine can be given. |
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