| ID | 263 |
|---|---|
| Name | CATARACT |
| Cause | |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | |
| Investigations | |
| Management | |
| Introduction | It means opacity of the lens. It may be congenital or acquired. But commonest one is a degenerative process due to senility. |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical feature: Symptoms- 1. Gradual impairment of vision. 2. Polyopia. 3. Rainbow halow. Signs- 1 Incipient stage- wedge shaped spokes of opacity with clear areas in between the periphery of the lens. 2. Progressive stage - further opacity. 3. Immature stage - a Greyish appearence of lens. b. Presence of Iris Shadow. c. Finger count present at a distance close to the eye. d. Black shadow against red fundal glow. 4. Intumescent stage - Lens swollen. Anterior chamber shallow. 5. Mature stage - a. Pearly white appearence of the lens. b. No iris shadow. c. Absence of 4th purkinje’s image. d. Vision reduced to perception of hand move-ment. e. No red fundal glow. 6. Hypermature-a. Morganian type. i Cataract uniformly milky white. ii. No iris shadow. iii. Ant. chamber shallow. iv. Vision reduced to perception of hand movement, b. Sclerotic type. i. Cataract appears brownish. ii. Ant. chamber slightly deeper. iii. No iris shadow. iv. Vision reduced to perception of hand movement. |
| Preventions | |
| Treatment | Treatment: Immature stage: In this state, it is better to wait till cataract becomes mature when surgical interference should be done. During this period, following things can be done- 1. Dark goggles may give better vision. 2. Pupils may be kept dilated with g. homatropine 0.5% Mature stage: Extracapsular extraction of the cataractous lens with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. |
| Complications | |
| Prognosis | |
| Types | |
| Classification | Classification: A. Congenital or developmental- 1. Blue dot cataract. 2. Coronary cataract. 3. Capsular cataract. 4. Sutural cataract. 5. Coraliform cataract. 6. Floriform cataract. 7. Central cataract. 8. Lameller cataract. 9. Total cataract. B. Acuired Cataract- 1. Senile catract. a. Cortical or cuneiform. b. Nuclear. c. Posterior cortical or cupiliform. 2. Traumatic cataract a. mechanical, b. Chemical. c. Radiational. d. Elecric. 3. Endocrine 4. Cataract due to systemic disease. 5. Complicated cataract. |
| Observation | |
| Pathology |
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