| ID | 329 |
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| Name | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES |
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| Introduction | These are preparations of female sex hormones which are taken orally. There are different types of oral pills. 1. Mini-pill or Micro-pill- it contains only proges-togen. 2. Combined pill- it contains both oestrogen & progestogen. 3. Sequential pill- it contains only estrogen for the first two weeks and both oestrogen & progestogen for the subsequent weeks. 4. Post coitalpitt- it contains large dose of diethylstilboesterol Advantages & results: 1. The pregnancy rate is as low as 0.1 per 100 women per year. 2. Once the pill-habit is acquired the method is simple. 3. The woman enjoyes a self-controlled regular menstrual cycle. 4. Most pill users experience a sense of well-being. 5. If a woman decides she would like to have more children after discontinuation of the pills. 6. For those woman who have no serious side-effects, the taking of the combined oestrogen/progestogen pill is the best of all methods of contraception. Disadvantages: The method is relatively expensive. Side effects/Complications: 1. Nausea & vomiting 2. Headache & dizziness 3. Mastalgia 4 Chloasma 5. Depression and Lassitude, 6. Acne & greasy scalp 7. Abdominal cramps & dysmenorrhoea 8. Loss of libido 9. Break-through bleeding 10. Leucorrhoea 11 Candida valvitis and vaginitis 12. weight gain 13. Hypertension 14. Thromboembolic phenomenon. Contraindications: 1. A previous history of thrombo-embolic disease. 2. A history of jaundice or pruritus during a previous pregnancy. 3. Acute & chronic disease of the liver. 4. Migraine. 5. Asthma. 6. A history of herpes of pregnancy. 7. Sickle cell anemia. 8. Disorders of lipid metabolism. 9. Mammary carcinoma in a young woman. |
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