| ID | 331 |
|---|---|
| Name | OBSTETRICS Pregnancy & Its Management DIAGNOSIS OF PREGNANCY read in introduction |
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| Introduction | A. From signs/symptoms: In first trimester Symptoms: 1. Amenorrhoea 2. Morning sickness 3. Frequency of micturition 4. Breast discomfort Signs: 1 . Breast change- - enlargement of breast - appearance of montogomery’s tubercles. 2. Chadwick’s sign- it is the dusky blue discolouration of cervix & anterior vaginal wall visible at about 8th week of pregnancy & seen on per speculum examiation. 3. Goodell’s sign- softening of the cervix and vagina as early as 6th week of pregnancy. 4. Hegar’s sign- lower part of the body of the uterus is empty & feels soft on * bimanual examination in early pregnancy. In second trimester Symptoms: 1 . Quickening- feeling of foetal movement 2. Abdominal enlargement Signs: 1. Appearance of ‘linea nigra’ & ‘stria gravidarum’ 2. Palpation of foetal part 3. Active foetal movement 4. External ballotment 5. Auscultation of foetal heart sound 6. Internal ballotment Symptoms: 1. Lightening- a sense of relief of pressure symptom specially in primi gravida 2. Frequency of micturition B. From Laboratory investigations: 1 . Laboratory tests for pregnancy-i. Latex flocculation inhibition test. ii. Radioimmunoassay. 2. Ultrasonogram (from 6 weeks of pregnancy). 3. Radiological exam- shows foetal parts after 16th weeks. 4. Radioimmunoassay for HCG in maternal serum- positive after 9-12 days of conception. 5. Other tests - i. Therapeutic test. ii. Fern test. iii. Vaginal smear, iv. Colostrum test. |
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