| ID | 357 |
|---|---|
| Name | Hemolytic Diseases of Newborn |
| Cause | HDN occurs when your baby's red blood cells break down at a fast rate. HDN happens when an Rh negative mother has a baby with an Rh positive father. If the Rh negative mother has been sensitized to Rh positive blood, her immune system will make antibodies to attack her baby |
| Signs Symptoms | The most common symptoms of HDN are: pale skin. yellowing of the amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, skin, and eyes. enlarged liver or spleen |
| Diagnosis | Once a baby is born, diagnostic tests for HDN may include the following: Testing of the baby's umbilical cord blood for blood group, Rh factor, red blood cell count, and antibodies. Testing of the baby's blood for bilirubin levels |
| Investigations | Testing of the baby's umbilical cord blood for blood group, Rh factor, red blood cell count, and antibodies. Testing of the baby's blood for bilirubin levels. |
| Management | Hemolytic disease of the newborn is managed by treating hyperbilirubinemia with phototherapy and exchange transfusions if needed |
| Introduction | |
| History | |
| Etiology | HDN occurs when the blood types of a mother and baby are incompatible. If the baby's incompatible red blood cells cross over to their mother, through the placenta during pregnancy or at delivery, the immune system sees them as foreign and responds by developing proteins called antibodies to attack and break them down |
| Clinical Features | The most common symptoms of HDN are: pale skin. yellowing of the amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, skin, and eyes. enlarged liver or spleen |
| Preventions | Hemolytic disease of the newborn is very preventable. Today, nearly all women with Rh-negative blood are identified in early pregnancy through blood tests. If a mother is Rh-negative and has not been sensitized, she is usually given a drug called Rh immunoglobulin, or RhoGAM |
| Treatment | Feeding often and receiving extra fluids. Light therapy (phototherapy) using special blue lights to convert bilirubin into a form which is easier for the baby's body to get rid of |
| Complications | Mild anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and jaundice. The placenta gets rid of some bilirubin |
| Prognosis | |
| Types | Hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN) results from the passage of IgG antibodies from the maternal circulation accross the placenta into the circulation of the foetus, where they react with & damage the foetal red cells. About 6% of live births are suffering from HDN. Two main types of HDN- 1. ABO incompatibility-majority cases. 2. Rh. incompatibility- less common, but clinically more important due to their severity. Other minor groups are rare- less than 5%. |
| Classification | |
| Observation | |
| Pathology |
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