| ID | 87 |
|---|---|
| Name | ACUTE BRONCHITIS |
| Cause | |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | |
| Investigations | Investigations: 1. Blood count: Neutrophil leukocytosis. 2. Sputum for Gm. staining and culture may be positive. 3. X-ray chest to exclude other diseases |
| Management | |
| Introduction | Acute bronchitis is a clinical condition caused by acute inflammation of trachea and bronchi. This syndrome is usually attributed to infectious agents-they are influenza virus A & B, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, rhynovirus & others. Bacterial infection e.g with strep, pneumoniae, h. influenzae is a common sequelae of viral infections. Predisposing factors: 1. Common cold. 2. Damp, foggy and dusty weather & atmosphere. 3. Cigarette smoking. 4. Chronic mouth breathing. |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features: 1. Irritating unproductive cough. 2. Upper retrosternal discomfort. 3. Mucoid or mucopurulent sputum, occasionally with streacks of blood. 4. Sensation of tightness in the chest. 5. Wheezing respiration with dyspnoea may be. 6. Fever upto 103°F, occasionally cyanosis. But fever not constantly present. 7. Vesicular breath sound with prolonged expiration. Bilateral rhonchi and coarse crepitation may be present. |
| Preventions | |
| Treatment | Treatment: 1. Rest in bed, spontaneous recovery occurs in many cases after a few days. 2. Analgesics e.g Paracetamol in pain and fever. 3. Treatment for infection: In patients supposed to be developing bacterial infection or bronchopneumonia, a course of Amoxycillin 250-500mg 8 hourly or Cephalexin 250-500mg 6 hourly can be given. 4. Steam inhalation with tinct. benzoin. 5. Cough suppressant at night e.g Pholcodine 5-10mg 6-8 hourly. 6. If there is airway obstruction or breathlessness, a bronchodilator e.g salbutamol 2-4mg 2 to 3 times daily. Or, an inhaled bronchodilator such as salbutamol or salmeterol, two puffs every 4 hours may be tried in patients with chest tightness or wheezing. 7. In urgency or breathlessness, O2 inhalation is essential! |
| Complications | Complications: 1. Acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. 2. Bronchopneumonia 3. Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. |
| Prognosis | |
| Types | |
| Classification | |
| Observation | |
| Pathology |
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