| ID | 101 |
|---|---|
| Name | SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX |
| Cause | Causes: 1. Rupture of subpleural emphysematous bulla or pleural bleb. 2. Rupture of subpleural tuberculous focus into the pleural space. 3. Rarely- lung abscess, pulmonary infarction, carcinoma lung. |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | |
| Investigations | Investigation: 1. Chest x-ray- sharply defined edge of deflated lung & there is complete translucency between this & chest wall with no lung marking. |
| Management | Management: 1. Oxygen inhalation 2. Water seal drainage 3. Antibiotic therapy 4. Treatment of underlying cause. |
| Introduction | Definition: Accumulation of air in the pleural space is known as pneumothorax. It is classified as spontaneous (primary of secondary) or traumatic. Primary pneumothorax occurs in the absence of an underlying cause, where as secondary pneumothorax is a complication of pre-existing pulmonary disease. |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features: 1. The onset is usually sudden with pain & feeling of tightness on the affected side- that may be aggravated by deep breathing. 2. Breathlessness 3. Cyanosis in some case 4. In close type- breathlessness is seldom severe & gradually improve. 5. In open type- breathlessness dose not improve. 6. In tension type- breathlessness is progressive & accompanied by central cyanosis. 7. Features of underlying disease On examination: Inspection- - movement of chest is restricted to the affected side; res. rate- T - cyanosis Palpation- - trachea & mediastinum (apexbeat) shifted to opposite side. - vocal fremitus- -I Purcussion- - hyperresonant - obliteration of liver & cardiac dullness. Auscultations- - breath sound- i or absent - vocal resonance- diminished on affected side. |
| Preventions | |
| Treatment | |
| Complications | |
| Prognosis | |
| Types | Types: 1. Close type- in this communication between pleura and lung seals off as the lung deflates and does not reopen. 2. Open type- in this communication is generally with a bronchus (bronchopleural fistula) and does not seal off when the lung collapses. The term ‘open’ is also applied to a pneumothorax resulting from a penetrating wound of the chest wall. 3. Tension (valvular) pneumothorax- in this com-mication between pleura and lung pesists but is small and acts as a one way valve which allows air to enter the pleural space during inspiration and coughing but prevents it from escaping. |
| Classification | |
| Observation | |
| Pathology |
© Pakistan Drug Directory. All Rights Reserved.
Designed By: Pakistan Drug Directory Team