| ID | 102 |
|---|---|
| Name | PULMONARY ASPIRATION SYNDROME |
| Cause | Causes: 1. Loss of air way protective reflexes as in anaesthetised, comatose, heavily sedated or neurologically compromised patients. 2. Oesophageal disorder or decrease gastric emptying time. 3. latrogenic factors- presence of nasogastic tube or tube feeding. 4. In infant & children- faulty feeding practice. |
| Signs Symptoms | |
| Diagnosis | |
| Investigations | Investigation: 1. Chest X-ray show patchy alveolar infiltrates. 2. Arterial blood gas analysis- PaCO2 (low or normal), PaO2 (low). 3. Sputum for C/S. |
| Management | Management: 1. Suction of secretions to clear the oropharynx. Intubation to be done if air way protective reflexes are thought to be compromised. 2. O2 therapy with a mask to deliver 50% inspired O2 concentration. Mechanical ventilation- if PaO2 below 65 mmHg (8.6 kpa). 3. Bronchodilators to control wheeze. 4. Antibiotics- a course of appropriate antibiotic should be given. 5. Fluids- hypovolaemia due in part to extravasation of fluids into the lungs, to be corrected. |
| Introduction | |
| History | |
| Etiology | |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features: Chemical damage to the lungs produces broncho-spasm and a massive exudation of fluid into the lungs. This causes dyspnoea, wheezing, cough with production of frothy pink sputum. Hypoxia, hypotension, tachycardia & ARDS may develop. Signs of infection may be present. |
| Preventions | |
| Treatment | |
| Complications | |
| Prognosis | |
| Types | |
| Classification | Classification: 1. Aspiration of toxic materials- such as, acid, alcohol, volatile hydrocarbons, oils, animal fats etc. These produce a chemical pneumonitis. 2. Aspiration of non-toxic materials- liquid with a pH more than 7.3 or paniculate materials. Here the damage relates to the composition and/or volume of the aspirated material. 3. Bacterial aspiration- onset of a bacterial pneu-monia 24 hour or so after the inhalation of an inoculum of bacteria. |
| Observation | |
| Pathology |
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