| ID | 110 |
|---|---|
| Name | VASOVAGAL SYNCOPE |
| Cause | |
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| Management | |
| Introduction | Vasovagal syncope, also known as ‘simple faint’, often initiated by emotional stress, such as fright, anxiety, phobias or acute severe pain, or other situations e.g micturition or coughing & almost always occurs in standing position. The initial vasodilatation usually leads to venous pooling followed by a reduction in venous return & emptying of the heart. Concomitant sympathetic stimulation then causes a vigorous contraction of the near-empty heart, which subsequently stimulates the ventricular mechanoreceptors. Consequent reflexes via the central nervous system cause excessive vagal activation resulting in profound bradycardia & a sudden withdrawal of peripheral sympathetic tone, leading to further peripheral vasodilatation. This is hence also known as ‘neurocardiogenic syncope’. In’vasovagal syncope the loss of consciousness is gradual, & recovery occurs within a few seconds. |
| History | |
| Etiology | Etiology: 1. Predisposing factors- poor physical condition, anemia, fever, exertion, prolonged standing, organic heart diseases etc. 2. Usually it tends to take place during- a. Emotional stress b. Severe injury c. Acute severe pain. |
| Clinical Features | Clinical features: Vasovagal syncope, usually associated with a prodromal phase, that consists of a feeling of nausea, dizziness, and sometimes a failure of vision and a ringing in the ears may herald its onset. Pallor, sweating and a slow pulse are characteristic. Syncope is believed to occur when the arterial systolic pressure drops below 70 mmHg & is usually precipitated by fear, anxiety or pain. |
| Preventions | |
| Treatment | Treatment: 1. The patient should be placed supine with the head lower than the rest of the body. 2. Inhalation of aromatic spirits or ammonia may help revive the patient. 3. All tight clothings should be loosened and head turned to one side. 4. Sprinkling and dashing cold water on the face-and neck or application of cold moist towels or warm blanket (if temp, is subnormal) over the body is helpful. |
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